| Auteur(s) |
UNICEF, Division of Evaluation, Policy and Planning Programme Division |
| Date |
2000-02-01 |
| Pays |
Popstan |
| Langue |
english |
| Contributeur(s) |
The production of this manual was coordinated by UNICEF’s Division of Evaluation, Policy and Planning, with input from Programme Division and the UNICEF Regional Offices. The text of the manual was drafted by a number of individuals. Dr. Patricia David |
| Description |
This manual is based on A Practical Handbook for Multiple-Indicator Surveys prepared for monitoring progress toward the mid-decade goals of the World Summit for Children. It was expanded and revised to reflect all of the end-decade goals and to incorporate the experience gained in conducting some 60 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) between 1995 and 1996. It also addresses specific challenges identified in the Evaluation of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys conducted in 1997, and it takes us an important step closer to measuring progress in the implementation of children’s rights. |
| Résumé |
This manual is intended to assist UNICEF staff, in their work with national counterparts and other partners, in measuring progress for children and women at end-decade through the use of household surveys. It provides a systematic approach to carrying out a household survey to fill gaps in the data necessary for reporting on the situation of children and women at the end of the millennium, and for laying down a base from which to measure change in the next decade and beyond. The end-decade assessment derives its primary focus from the World Summit for Children (WSC), held in New York in September 1990, at which 71 Heads of State and government and 88 senior officials from countries around the world pledged themselves to a Declaration and Plan of Action for Children. That commitment has now been made by 158 Heads of State, and countries around the world have proceeded to develop their own National Programmes of Action for children. Today these National Programmes of Action encompass 9 out of every 10 children on earth. |
| Table des matières |
Preface
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
The End-Decade Assessment: Background
The Mid-Decade Experience
Measurement of the Situation at End-Decade
Developing a Core Set of Monitoring Indicators
Appropriate Monitoring Tools
Population Census Data
Routine Health Service Data
Epidemiological Surveillance Sites
Routine Education System Data
Household Sample Surveys
The Role of the End-Decade MICS
Tailoring the End-Decade MICS Surveys to Individual Country Situations
National Capacities and Survey Use
CHAPTER 2: DECISIONS TO MAKE BEFORE STARTING
Identifying and Contacting Potential Resource Persons
Deciding on the Level of Aggregation of the Indicators
Estimating How Long the Survey Will Take
Calculating How Much the Survey Will Cost
CHAPTER 3: DESIGNING THE QUESTIONNAIRE
Which WSC Goals Can Be Monitored With a Survey?
A Model Questionnaire for End-Decade Monitoring
Why Do We Need a Model Questionnaire?
How Do I Design a Good Questionnaire?
Decide How to Ask the Questions
Adapting and Translating Questionnaires
Pre-Testing the Questionnaire
Decide Who the Respondents Will Be
MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY MANUAL
The Model’s Questionnaire: What’s New
Part I: Household Questionnaire
Household Information Panel
Household Listing Form
Education Module (WSC Goal 6)
Child Labour Module (Child Rights)
Optional Child Disability Module (WSC Goal 8)
Optional Maternal Mortality Module (WSC Goal 2)
Water and Sanitation Module (WSC Goals 4 and 5)
Salt Iodization Module (WSC Goal 14)
Part II: Questionnaire for Individual Women
Women’s Information Panel
Child Mortality Module (WSC Goal 1)
Tetanus Toxoid Module (WSC Goal 22)
Maternal and Newborn Health Module (WSC Goals 11, 12 and 15)
Contraceptive Use Module (WSC Goal 10)
HIV/AIDS Module
Part III: Questionnaire for Children Under Five
Birth Registration (Child Rights) and Early Learning (WSC Goal 26)
Vitamin A Module (WSC Goal 15)
Breastfeeding Module (WSC Goal 16)
Care of Illness Module (WSC Goals 23 and 24, IMCI)
Malaria Module (For Use in Malaria High-Risk Areas)
Immunization Module (WSC Goal 22)
Anthropometry Module (WSC Goal 3)
MODEL QUESTIONNAIRE
Flow of Modules
Design Features
Household Questionnaire
Household Information Panel
Household Listing Form
Education Module
Child Labour Module Water and Sanitation Module
Salt Iodization Module
Questionnaire for Individual Women
Women’s Information Panel
Child Mortality Module
Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Module
Maternal and Newborn Health Module
Contraceptive Use Module
HIV/AIDS Module
Questionnaire for Children Under Five
Birth Registration and Early Learning Module
Vitamin A Module
Breastfeeding Module
Care of Illness Module
Malaria Module
Immunization Module
Anthropometry Module
Cluster Control Sheet
CHAPTER 4: DESIGNING AND SELECTING THE SAMPLE
Features of a Proper, Probability Sample Design
Determining What Sample to Use for MICS
Use of an Existing Sample – Option 1
A Specific Sample Design for MICS
Standard Segment Design – Option 2
Modified Segment Design – Option 3
Shortcut Designs – Not Recommended
Deciding on Sample Size, Number of PSUs, Cluster Sizes
Calculating the Sample Size
Defining and Choosing the Key Indicator to Calculate Sample Size
Using the Sample Size Tables
Illustrating Sample Size with Cluster Size and Number of PSUs
Sample Size for Sub-national Estimates, Changes, Sub-group Analyses
Preparing Estimates and Sampling Errors
Need to Calculate Sampling Errors
CHAPTER 5: PREPARING FOR DATA COLLECTION
Making Logistics Arrangements
Setting Up Headquarters
Contacting Local Authorities
Deciding on the Size and Composition of the Field Teams
Arranging Transportation, Accommodations and Security
Obtaining and Preparing Copies of Local Maps
Preparing the Questionnaire
Pre-Testing the Questionnaire
Selecting the Fieldworkers
Choosing and Preparing the Equipment
Weighing Scales
Length/Height Boards
Salt Iodization Testing Kits
Training the Fieldworkers
Briefing the Drivers
Carrying Out the Pilot Study
Setting Up Computers and Hiring Data Processing Staff
Making Arrangements for Returning the Questionnaires to Headquarters
Plan Early to Obtain Supplementary Information
Ethical Considerations
CHAPTER 6: CONDUCTING THE FIELDWORK
How to Map, Segment and List Households
Creating Segments – Sample Options 2 and 3
Field Procedures for Data Collection
What Each Interviewer Should Do
Conducting an Interview
Building Rapport with the Respondent
Tips for Conducting the Interview
Field Procedures
Preparatory Activities and Interviewers’ Control Sheets
Contacting Households
Identifying Eligible Respondents
Making Callbacks
Checking Completed Questionnaires
Returning Work Assignments
Supplies Required for Fieldwork
What Each Supervisor and Editor Should Do
Responsibilities of the Field Supervisor
Responsibilities of the Field Editor
CHAPTER 7: PROCESSING THE DATA
Introduction
Computer Equipment and Space
Data Processing Personnel
Adapting the Programs
Organizing Data Processing Activities
Receipt from the Field and Preparation for Entry
Data Entry
Verification
Archiving of Unedited (‘Raw’) Data File
Secondary Editing
Archiving of Final Data File
Receipt of Questionnaires from Field and Preparation for Data Entry
Data Entry
Data Editing
Calculating Sampling Weights for Non-Self-Weighting Samples
Creating Variables and Data Files
Preparing for Running Tabulations
Archiving and Distributing Data
Consistency Checks and Guidelines for Correction
Household Information Panel
Household Listing Form
Individual Questionnaires for Women and Children Under Five
CHAPTER 8: ANALYSING THE DATA AND PRODUCING SURVEY REPORTS
Reporting at End-Decade
Analysing the Data: First Steps
Producing a Preliminary Report
Background and Objectives of the Survey
Results
Sample and Methodology
Circulation of the Preliminary Report and Dissemination of the Findings
Producing the Full Technical Report
The Executive Summary
Introduction and Background
Survey Methodology
Data Quality and Sample Characteristics
Results
Sample Design and Implementation
Questionnaires
Circulation of the Full Report and Dissemination of the Findings
Analysis Beyond the Full Report
Background Information
Precision of the Maternal Mortality Estimates
The Reference Period
Monitoring Progress Toward the Year 2000
APPENDIX THREE: INDICATORS FOR GLOBAL REPORTING Definitions of Indicators for Global Reporting
World Summit for Children End-Decade Indicators
Additional Indicators for Monitoring Children’s Rights
IMCI Indicators (Under-fives)
Indicators for Monitoring HIV/AIDS (Women 15–49)
APPENDIX FOUR: ANTHROPOMETRIC TECHNIQUES The UNICEF Electronic Scale 890 (Manual)
Instructions for Supervisors
Nutritional Status Measurement Summary Procedures
Child Height Summary Procedure
Child Length Summary Procedure
APPENDIX FIVE: INSTRUCTIONS FOR SUPERVISORS Introduction to the MICS Surveys
MULTIPLE INDICATOR CLUSTER SURVEY MANUAL
Responsibilities of the Field Supervisor
Responsibilities of the Editor
Preparing for Fieldwork
Collecting Materials for Fieldwork
Monetary Advances for Field Expenses
Arranging Transportation and Accommodations
Contacting Local Authorities
Using Maps to Locate Clusters
Finding Selected Households
Organizing and Supervising Fieldwork
Assigning Work to Interviewers
Reducing Nonresponse
Handling Pending Interviews
Maintaining Motivation and Morale
Maintaining Fieldwork Control Sheets
Supervisor’s Control Sheet
Assignmentof Interviews
Household Visits and Individual Interviews: Columns 4–8
Remarks: Column 9
Interviewer’s Cluster Control Sheet
Systematic Spot-Checking of Household Composition
Monitoring Interviewer Performance
Observing Interviews
Evaluating Interviewer Performance
Editing Questionnaires
General Instructions
Editing the Household Questionnaire
Editing the Questionnaire for Individual Women
Editing the Children Under Five Questionnaire
Organizing Questionnaires for Return to the Office
Forwarding Questionnaires to the Head Office
Annex 1: Limits for Length and Weight of Children
Annex 2: MICS2 Supervisor’s/Editor’s Control Sheet
Annex 3: Interviewer’s Cluster Control Sheet
APPENDIX SIX: TABULATION GUIDELINES
TABLE OF CONTENTS 11
List of Tables
World Summit Goal Indicators by Table Number
Tables Recommended for Inclusion in a Preliminary Report
General Tabulation Notes
APPENDIX SEVEN: SAMPLING DETAILS Sampling Details
Sample Size Calculation
Procedures for Sampling with PPS – Option 2
Procedures for Sampling with PPS – Option 3
Computation of Post-Stratification Weights
Alternative (i) Weighting at the Sample Case Level
Alternative (ii) Weighting at the Aggregation of Indicators Level |
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